1Lohmann, R. A., The commons: A multidiseiplinary approach to nonprdlt organization, Voluntary action,and philanthropy [ J]. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 21, 1992, 310-324.
2Mumighan, J. K., Kim, J. W. & Metzger, A.R., The volunteer dilemma [ J ] .Administrative Science Quarterly, 38 (1993), 515-540.
3Deci, E. L., Intrinsic Motivalion [M]. New York:Plenum., 1975.
4Story, D. C., Volunteerism: The ‘self-regarding'and ‘other-reganiing' aspects of the human Spirit[J].Nonpr- ofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 21,1992. 3- 18.
5Independent Sector, Giving and Volunteering in the United States [M] .2000.