高硫原油炼制过程中各装置硫化氢形成机理及控制措施研究

Study on the formation mechanism and control measures of H_2S in each devices in high-sulfur crude oil processing

由于我国原油品质向含酸、高硫、重质等劣质化方向发展,导致原油加工过程中H2S的含量增多,不仅加快设备腐蚀,同时极易引发H2S泄漏中毒事故。以国内某高硫原油加工炼厂为研究对象,根据炼厂总硫迁移分布以及样品色谱分析结果分析了炼厂各装置H2S形成机理,指出H2S主要由硫化物加氢以及硫化物热分解产生,还有少部分H2S来源于原油本身。并依据国内近年已完成的多个关于炼化企业H2S分布情况的研究成果,总结了各装置H2S泄漏的重点防护部位,制定出防止H2S泄漏中毒的控制措施,以期最大程度地降低H2S中毒的风险,为我国加工高硫原油的安全防护提供参考。

The quality of crude oil of our country tends to be acid-included,high-sulfur and heavy quality,leading to an increase of H2 S content in high-sulfur crude oil processing. This can not only accelerate corrosion of equipments,but also easily bring out leakage of H2 S and poisoning accidents. In this paper,a typical high-sulfur crude oil procession refinery was taken as the study objective. The forming mechanism of H2 S during whole process was analyzed according to the distribution and migration of total sulfur and results of sample chromatographic analysis.H2 S is mainly produced by hydrogenation and thermal decomposition of sulfide,and the other small part comes from the oil itself. On the basis of H2 S distribution research consequence that have comepleted,key protective parts those easily result in leakage were summarized and control measures which can prevent poisoning caused by leakage of H2 S were proposed. All of the above are aim to minimize the risk of H2 S poisoning and make a reference for the safety of processing high-sulfur crude oil.