教育竞争与农民工工资

Competition in Education and Wage of Migrant Workers

教育竞争能够区分具有不同潜在生产率的劳动者,并使其与就业岗位进行有效匹配。然而,在教育竞争的激烈程度有所差异的情况下,竞争对劳动者的筛选可能会发生扭曲。在教育竞争激烈的地区和年份,潜在生产率较高的劳动者可能不得不直接进入劳动力市场,从事原本面向潜在生产率较低劳动者的就业岗位。然而一定时期之后,这些劳动者所具有的较高潜在生产率逐渐显现出来,与相同岗位上的其他劳动者相比,他们可能会获得较高的收入。本文以农民工为对象,在工资方程中引入所受教育的竞争程度指标,证实了这种筛选扭曲现象的存在。教育竞争对劳动力筛选的扭曲,使劳动者与岗位之间的匹配低效,抑制了生产效率,也造成了劳动力资源的浪费。

Competition in education could identify students with different potential productivity and match these future workers with the according jobs in an efficient way.However,when the intensity of competition in education diversifies,the identification and selection of students will be twisted.In the places and years of more intensive education competition,students with higher potential productivity will be more likely to join the labor market direcdy and take the jobs for workers with lower potential productivity instead of continuing their education.However,after a period,the potential productivity will gradually show up.Compared to other workers,the ones with higher potential productivity are very likely to get higher average wage.This paper takes migrant workers from rural area to test the effect It introduces the indicator of intensiveness of education competition into the wage function and proves the existence of the twist in selection.The twist will bring the low efficiency in match of workers and jobs.The consequence is low production efficiency and waste of labor resources.