收入不平等的要素来源分解

Decomposition of Income Inequality by Factor Components:A Survey

本文对收入不平等的要素来源分解研究进行了系统回顾。首先,本文介绍了基尼系数、方差和变异系数等几种不平等指标的要素来源分解方法,探讨了这些方法之间的差别和联系,并考察了传统要素来源水平分解方法中存在的几个重要问题。其次,本文考察了要素收入不平等的变动分解,既讨论了要素来源分布变成某种理想情况时的影响,又考察了要素来源在时间演进过程中对不平等的贡献。再次,本文还讨论了收入不平等要素来源分解的拓展研究,重点关注了收入不平等的嵌套分解和基于回归的收入不平等分解。论文最后进一步讨论了要素来源分解的唯一性问题,并总结了要素来源分解方法的应用研究。同时,本文还结合中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)1995年和2002年数据对收入不平等的要素来源分解方法进行了应用,使述评更具现实和针对性。

This paper systematically reviews studies of income inequality decomposition by factor components.Firstly,this paper introduces factor decomposition methods of several inequality measures such as Gini coefficient,variance and coefficient of variance.We discuss the differences and connections among these methods and examine several important issues about the traditional factor decomposition methods.Secondly,the paper discusses the decomposition of changes in factor income inequality.We not only discuss the impacts when factor components are changed into some hypothetical and ideal distribution,but also examine the income inequality contribution by factor components over time.Thirdly,this paper discusses some extensions of factor decomposition of income inequality,focusing on nested decomposition and regression-based decomposition of income inequality.Finally,the paper discusses the issue of uniqueness of factor decomposition and concludes by summarizing the applied empirical studies of different decomposition methods for various countries or regions.Meanwhile,by using 1995 and 2002 Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP) data,we illustrate issues concerning decomposition of income inequality by factor components in a more realistic context.