代际影响视角下的子代收入差距研究

The Study of Offspring Income Gap Based on the Perspective of Intergenerational Effects

代际收入流动性是指父代收入对子女收入的影响程度,是衡量机会不平等对收入不平等影响的重要指标。通过分位数回归方法研究高低收入家庭子女不同分位点处的收入差距,并运用反事实分解方法将收入差距分解为受教育水平、经验及工作类型等因素影响的特征差异和基于家庭环境不同的劳动力市场回报差异两部分。结果显示,不论是高收入家庭的子女还是低收入家庭的子女,收入的高低主要由自身的特征决定,高低收入家庭子女的收入差距主要来源于特征差异,回报差异只在低分位点处产生影响,由此得出政府的转移支付政策能够在很大程度上缓解收入差距的形成。

Intergenerational income mobility can reflect the influence of the parent income on the income of their offspring, so it's an important indicator to measure what extent the opportunity inequality affect the income inequality. We evaluate the offspring income gap between poor and rich families with the methods of quantile regression. Then we decompose this gap into characteristics effects, which induced by differences of education, work experience, type of work unit, and returns effects based on different family backgrounds with the method of counterfactual decomposition. However, we find that it's the characteristics that mostly determine the income and return effects can only work in low quantile. With this,we can conclude that the government's transfer payment policy can largely alleviate the formation of the income gap.