劳动法视野下的分支机构法律地位论析

Analysis of the Legal Status of Branch under the View of Labor Law

在劳动法视野下观察和界定分支机构的法律地位,我们既应注意到分支机构与民事主体之间的联系与区别,也应关注到分支机构与典型用人单位之间的异同。"用人单位资格"理论是研讨和厘清分支机构法律地位问题的基本出发点。分支机构具有雇主资格的共性,但又具有一定的要素差异性和人格独立的相对性,故实为一种"不完整用人主体",或可称为"二级用人单位"。相比于现有的"分支机构独立主体说""总公司主体说""人身性用人主体说"等其他学说,确立"不完整用人主体说"具有更为充足的法理和实践依据。在这一学说具体应用于我国劳动法律实务时,立法者和执法者应充分关注其一些特殊的适用思路和原则,从实体法、程序法两个方面对分支机构给予有效的法律规制。

Under the view of labor law, to observe and defi ne the legal status of branch, we should notice not only the connection and difference between the branch and the civil subject, but also similarity and difference between the branch and the employer. The theory of 'employer qualifi cation' is a basic starting point to discuss and clarify the issue of branches' legal status. The branch has commonalities of all the employers' qualifi cation, while containing some element differences and relativity of personality independence. Actually, it can be called a kind of 'incomplete employer' or 'secondary employer'. Compared to the present theories such as 'branch independent subject theory', 'head offi ce subject theory' and 'personal employer theory', there are more abundant legal and practical basis to establish 'incomplete employer theory'. When the theory is applied in practice of labor law, full attention shall be paid to the special applied thoughts and principles, lawmakers and law-executors should give effective legal regulation to the branch from aspects of both substantial law and procedural law.