我国在业人口的主观幸福感及幸福工作寿命研究

Study on Subjective Well-being and Happy Working Life of Employed Population in China

在业人口幸福工作寿命越长,自身及家庭的生活质量越高,社会越能和谐与稳定。文章基于C GSS数据,采用生命表技术研究了我国2005-2010年分性别在业人口的平均预期寿命和幸福工作寿命。主要发现:(1)2005-2010年我国全体在业人口主观幸福率都在88%以上,总体上在5年间呈增长趋势,且年龄分布呈"U"型,即在业人口刚参加工作和退休前比中年时主观幸福感高。(2)2005-2010年全体在业人口刚参加工作的预期幸福工作寿命都接近43年,各年龄组幸福工作寿命在5年间基本稳定,并随年龄增长而递减。(3)2005-2010年男女在业人口的幸福工作寿命占预期工作寿命之比呈"U"型,且在40岁之后,该比例的性别差异明显拉大。因此,企业可提供40-49岁组在业人口最长的带薪休假时间;同时,推行"工作家庭平衡计划",帮助女性在业人口平衡工作家庭关系,以提高在业人口主观幸福感,延长幸福工作寿命,构建良好和谐的劳动关系。

The longer of the Happy Working Life of the employed population, the higher of the living quality of themselves and their families, the more harmonious and stable of the society. By using life table, this research calculates the average expected working life and the Happy Working Life of employed population by gender in 2005-2010 of China. The main fi ndings are:(1) the proportion of all employed population who felt happy is higher than 88%, and it increases gradually during 5 years and is 'U' shaped across age, which means the subjective well-being of youth and elder is better than middle aged people of the employed population.(2) When people start work, their expected Happy Working Life is closed to 43 years. Moreover, the Happy Working Life in each age group is almost stable during 5 years and diminishes progressively with the increasing of ages.(3) By gender, the rate between Happy Working Life and working life is also 'U' shaped. The gender difference increases after their 40. In order to raise the subjective well-beings, increase the happy working life of the employed population, and establish the harmony labor relation based on those conclusions, enterprises should make efforts from the following several aspects. Firstly, enterprises should provide longer paid vacation for the group of 40-49 working people than the others. Secondly, enterprises should carry out the 'female's work-family balance plan' to help female employed population balance the relationship of those two issues.