欠薪性质及责任承担

The Nature and Responsibility of Salary Arrears

劳动者应当得到劳动报酬,欠薪对劳动者是不公正的,但欠薪是市场经济存在的现象。从雇主的角度观察欠薪有侵占型和风险型两类,侵占型欠薪是以非法占有为目的的主观故意行为,风险型欠薪是雇主主观愿意支付但客观上不能的状态。欠薪的相关方有政府、雇主和劳动者,合理划分三方责任是有效治理欠薪的前提。政府在欠薪问题的责任是:建立和维护工资支付秩序,解决因欠薪而导致劳动者的生活或生存保障问题;明确雇主的法律责任,拒不支付的可能构成犯罪;劳动者是欠薪的受害方,但劳动者有权利和责任依法维权,如果欠薪达到犯罪的程度,劳动者还在为雇主工作,或者劳动者较长时间坚守风险型欠薪,都是应当承担责任的。

Salary arrears are the existence of the market economy. From the employer's perspective, salary arrears can be divided into two types. One is called as the occupation salary arrears which is the purpose of illegal possession of subjective intentional behavior.The other is considered as risk salary arrears that employers are willing to pay wages on subject ive but object ively be reluctant. The related par t ies of sa lar y arrears include the government, the employers and the employees.The government responsibi l it y i n sa la r y a r rea r sis to est abl ish a nd ma i nt a i n t he order of pay ment and guarantee the labor's basic living life.The employers if refusing to pay for labors would constitute a crime. Employees are the victims in salary arrears. If salary arrears reach to the level of criminal, the employees are also responsible to take the risk of salary arrears when employees are also working for the employers or bearing long-term salary unpaid risks.