失业保险覆盖面扩大:现状、问题及政策选择

Research on Extending Unemployment Insurance Coverage: Situation, Problems and Countermeasures

失业保险覆盖面是评估失业保险制度发展状况的重要指标之一。文章采用不同口径的统计数据估测失业保险参保率,分析表明,中国失业保险参保率低。失业保险覆盖面存在的问题表现在失业保险参保率低和失业保险覆盖人群失衡两个方面。文章剖析存在以上问题的原因,并提出将失业保险参保对象界定为劳动年龄人口、改革失业保险统一费率制度、完善失业保险管理制度和失业统计数据库等建议。

Unemployment insurance coverage indicates the development status of this program. This paper calculates the participation rate of unemployment insurance program. The results show the participation rate is low. Two problems occur in unemployment insurance coverage: the participation rate is low and the participants are unevenly distributed. This paper analyzes causes of these problems and proposes following measures to extend unemployment insurance coverage: to cover all work-age population, to reform the fixed contribution rate mechanism, to reform the unemployment insurance management system and to develop unemployment statistics database.