以“公共性”为基础条件的城市社区体制:一个实地研究

A Field Research on the Urban Community Institution Based on“Publicness”

21世纪以来,随着社会结构的全面转型,劳动力市场化、人口城市化、住房商品化和单位制解体等因素加速了城市基层社会的异质化,威胁了社区整合和社区发展,因此,建构以"公共性"为基础条件的社区体制成为社区有效治理的关键。具体来说,社区公共性主要指的是,以实现社区公共利益目标的公平正义为价值,以参与社区建设的多元主体围绕公共物品配置的交往协商机制为实体,以累积社区多元主体之间共享的信任、互惠和合作等的社区社会资本为资产的特定制度安排。以"公共性"为基础条件的社区体制是社区建设的制度"内核",厘清各个社区主体在参与社区建设的权责清单,建构社区主体之间的交往协商机制,营造讨论社区公共事务的议事平台,找准社区存在的公共利益需求,社区主体从各自的结构功能中完成公共服务的有效供给,累积社区社会资本和社区公共价值,是把城市社区建设成为一个和谐有序的"社会生活共同体"的基础条件。

Since China’s Reform and Opening up, factors such as labor marketization, population urbanization, housing commercialization and some SOE enterprises disintegration have rapidly promoted the heterogeneity of urban society, which threatens the community integration. Thus, constructing a community institution based on'publicness'becomes the key of effective community governance. Specifically, the community publicness is mainly embodied in the value dimension and the entity dimension. The former refers to the community’s social capital with the core contents of trust, identification and cooperation among the multisubjects. The latter is the reasonable negotiation mechanism among multi-subjects with different interests to deal with the fairness and justice of the distribution of public products. The community institution based on'publicness'is the institutional'core'in community construction. To accumulate the community’s social capital and public values and construct the community as a'social life community', the rights and responsibilities of each community entities are to be clarified; the communication and negotiation mechanisms among the entities are to be constructed; the negotiation and consultation platforms of public issues are to be established and the differentiated social demands of the community are to be identified. Besides, the community subjects supply their public services based on their structural functions.