易地扶贫搬迁政策地方改写及其实践逻辑限度——以Z省A地州某石漠化地区整体搬迁为例

Local Government's Rewriting of Poverty Alleviation Relocation Policy and Its Practical Logic Limits: In the Case of the Overall Relocation of a Rocky Desertification Area in A Prefecture of Z Province

"易地搬迁脱贫一批"是中央精准扶贫政策的一个重要方面,实施以来对贫困地区尤其是生态脆弱、基础条件困难地区的民众产生了深远影响。但在实际推进中,不同施政理念的地方政府对于易地扶贫搬迁有不同的政策安排、搬迁方案和安置方式,不同条件地方的民众对不同的易地搬迁政策也反应不一。以中国西部Z省石漠化集中连片特困地区的整体跨区域搬迁政策为研究对象,以该地区核心腹地A村的整体搬迁情况为调研重点,结合抽样问卷调查和随机入户深度访谈,对易地扶贫搬迁政策的地方改写、实践逻辑限度与治理困境进行研究。基于调研情况初步发现,该地"整体跨区域"易地扶贫搬迁政策存在对中央易地搬迁政策精准取向和价值基础一定程度上的替代,政策变通在决策层面也存在合法性挑战,造成政策执行亏损与层级性治理困境,不仅在一些关键利益上存在政策要求与政策对象期望相悖之处,而且也在很大程度上对村民当下的生活造成阻断。

"Ex-situ poverty alleviation relocation of some impoverished households"is an important aspect of the central government's targeted poverty alleviation policy. It has had a profound impact on people in impoverished areas, especially in areas with fragile ecology and difficult basic conditions. However, in its actual promotion, local governments with different governance concepts adopt different policies, relocation programs and resettlement methods, and people in different conditions respond variously to relocation policies. With the whole transregional relocation policy of the rock desertification concentrated contiguous destitute areas in Z province of western China as the research object and the whole relocation situation of A village in the core hinterland of this area as the research focus, this paper studies the local rewriting, practical logic limits and governance dilemma of the ex-situ poverty alleviation relocation policy in different areas by referring to the sampling questionnaire survey and the random household depth interview. The primary findings show that the"overall transregional"ex-situ poverty alleviation relocation policy of this area has replaced the precise orientation and value basis of the central government's ex-situ relocation policy to a certain extent. The policy modification bring about legal challenges in decision-making, resulting in policy implementation loss and hierarchical governance dilemma. As a result, policy requirements are inconsistent with the expectations of policy targets in some key interests and the villagers' life is largely blocked.