作者权利与公众利益之间的选择——浅析中国著作权保护制度的合理性

The Choice between Rights of Authors and Public Interests:An Analysis of the Rationality of Chinese Copyright Protection System

作者对作品享有的权利,即著作权是作者或其他权利人对作品所享有的排他性权利。世界各国均设立了各自的保护制度,以德国为代表的大陆法系国家偏向于将著作权作为作者的人身权(author’s right)进行保护,而以美国为首的普通法系国家则更倾向于将其视为权利人的财产权——"版权"(copyright)进行保护。我国著作权保护制度将"著作权"与"版权"视为同一概念,表示既应注重保护作者的著作人身权,同时亦要保障著作财产权,以此构建了比较全面的权利保护体系,在实践中也取得了丰硕的成果。然而随着信息技术的飞速发展,在作者的权利被保护的同时,社会公众获取信息的自由却面临挑战。以此问题为切入点,通过梳理和分析与著作权相关的知识产权正当性理论、我国著作权保护制度的立法状况与其在保护作者权利上取得的成果,以及社会公众权利所面临的挑战等内容,尝试研究与探讨我国当前著作权保护制度的合理性。

As the author's right to the work, the right of authorship is the exclusive right of the author or other right holders to the work. Many countries have established their own protection systems of the right.The civil law countries represented by Germany tend to protect it as the author's right, while the common law countries represented by the US protect it as the property right of the right holder —‘copyright'. Incorporating author's right and copyright into one to emphasize the protection of the author's personal rights and the property rights of the work, China's right of authorship protection system is a more comprehensive right protection system, which is effective in practice. However, with the rapid development of IT, though the author 's rights are protected, the public 's freedom to obtain information is confronting challenges. With this issue as an entry point, this paper explores the rationality of China's current right of authorship protection system by analyzing the intellectual property legitimacy theories related to it, its legislation and the achievements as well as the challenges the public rights confront.