师古与师心:屠隆与晚明诗风的转变

Learning from the Ancient and Learning from the Heart:Tu Long and the Transformation of Poetic Style in Late Ming Dynasty

万历年间,屠隆与王世贞结交,被纳入了"末五子"行列。在王世贞、汪道昆先后去世之后,屠隆成为诗坛公认的盟主。屠隆才情自恣,率意自适的诗作,与公安派所推崇的诗歌风格相契合,受到了公安派健将江盈科等的推崇。屠隆对七子派复古的弊端有着清醒的认识,因此在诗歌理论上倡导自适其适、自得其得,反对字模句剿,主张诗歌以抒写性灵、神情为重,兴趣与古法不可偏废。屠隆凭借自己的文坛地位、诗歌理论以及诗歌创作,推动了晚明诗坛由师古向性灵诗风的转变。

In the Emperor Wanli’s reign,Tu Long associated with Wang Shizhen and was listed among the'Last Five Litterateur School'.After the death of Wang Shizhen and Wang Daokun,Tu was recognized the leader of the poetry circle.His graceful and passionate poems,consistent with the poetic style of the Gong’an School,were highly praised by Jiang Yingke and other masters of the latter.Tu had a clear understanding of the drawbacks of the Seven Litterateur School in the literary archaist movement,so he upheld self-adaptation and self-satisfaction in the theory of poetry while opposing the confinement of words and sentences.He advocated that poetry should focus on expressing the natural disposition and sensibility,and should maintain a balance between interest and ancient methods.By virtue of his position in the literature,poetic theory and writing,Tu promoted the transformation of the late Ming’s poetic style of'learning from the ancient'into expressing the natural disposition and intelligence.