道德伦理的政治化与秦汉统治术

Moral Principles and the Politics of Initial Han Dynasty

"德"没有进入夏王朝的政治视野。殷商时期的"德"表现出宗教为政治所用的倾向。周人提升"德"进入政治序列,开创了以道德伦理为神学政治的新局面。邹衍五德终始说成为秦统一中国后的官方学术,对汉代的神学政治产生了重要的影响。西汉政治对五德终始说的认同,可分为两个阶段,一是刘邦承袭秦制,认同水德;二是汉武帝进行改制,以土德取代水德,对五德终始作出新的解释。

De' did not occur in the political field of vision during the ruling period of Xia Dynasty, but it showed the incline that religion served the politics. Until Zhou Dynasty, Zhou's people boosted 'De' onto the political stage and initiated a new situation: regarding the moral principles as the theology politics. After Qin kingdom united China, The Five 'De' written by Zhou Yan had become the official academic theory, which was a very important incident in the Chinese ideological and cultural history and brings great effects on the theology politics of Han Dynasty. The West Han's agreement on The Five 'De' can be divided into two periods: the first period is that Liu Bang followed and adopted Qin's political system, advocating 'Shui 'De''. The second period is that Han Wu Di carried out reforming the political system, replacing 'Shui 'De'' with 'Tu 'De'', which is a new explanation about The Five 'De'.