汉语“V+人”式综述

A Review of Studies on “Verb + Person”Structure in Chinese

汉语中普遍存在着"V+人"式言语结构。何谓"V+人"式?此类结构到底是词组还是词?是动词还是形容词?语言学界至今尚未达成共识。在借鉴以往研究成果的基础上,通过对"V+人"式范围、来源、构成、语义、性质、功能等的全面分析,文章认为:1应将语言结构与语法单位区分开来。"V+人"式是述词性的支配结构,可能是词,也可能是词组。2应用辩证的观点透视这一语言现象。初期的"V+人"式具有明显的自由词组性质,后来,其中的一部分词汇化。3应有系统的观念。在有些系统中,一个"V+人"式可能是动词性质的,但在另一系统中,它可能是形容词性质的,甚至是兼类的。

“Verb +person” structure is commonly used in Chinese language.What is a “verb +person”structure?Is it a phrases or only a word?If it is a word, then a verb or an adjective?There is no consensus reached on these questions in the linguistics circle.Through reviewing the previous achievements of studies on this struc-ture, this article analyzes the expression range, origin, form, semantic meaning, nature, and grammar function of the structure.Then it gives three suggestions.First, the language structure must be differentiated from the gram-matical unit.Because “verb +person” is a kind of predicative structure, it can be a word or a phrase.Second, the structure should be observed from the point of dialectics.In the early days it could be easily found that phrases formed with such structure had major characteristics of a free phrase.And later some of them turned into words. And third, this structure should be observed under the given system; in one system, it is a verb; but in another one, it is an adjective, even both at the same time.