论国民党的农村合作运动(1919-1945)

On Kuomintang's Cooperative Movement in Rural Areas from 1919 to 1945

20世纪初,西方合作思想作为"舶来品"传入中国。国民党为了达到救济农村、复兴农业和反对共产党土地革命的目的,从五四运动时期,就开始努力传播以改良主义为基础的合作思想,推进以信用为主的合作运动。历经第一次国内革命时期、土地革命战争时期和抗日战争时期等三个阶段,最终在40年代,农村合作运动达到了最大规模。虽然这场运动对农村经济的恢复和发展有一定的推动作用,但在不触动封建土地制度的前提下,仅靠政府自上而下地推行合作运动,以此来取代土地革命是注定要失败的。

As a kind of “imports”, western cooperation thoughts were introduced into China in the early 20th century, and the Kuomintang ( KMT) began to spread the reformism based on cooperation ideas and initiated the cooperative movement which gave priority to credit to achieve the purposes of relieving the rural areas, rejuvenating farming, and resisting the Communist Party from May Fourth Movement period.After the First Domestic Revolu-tionary War, the Agrarian Revolutionary War, and the Anti-Japanese War successively, the movement in rural are-as reached the largest scale in 1940s.Although it worked, to some degree, in the recovery and development of the rural economy, it headed for failure in the replacement of the agrarian revolution for its not touching the feudal land system and its policy of carrying out the movement only by governments of all levels from top to bottom.