从无序到有序的转化:1909年“伦敦宣言”探析

Transformation from Disorder to Order:A Tentative Study on London Declaration

《伦敦宣言》是1909年伦敦国际海军会议的重要成果,这次会议由英国倡议,主要目的在于共同确定普遍接受的国际法规则。《伦敦宣言》共有七十一条,主要包括封锁、禁运品、改悬中立旗以及毁坏中立国商船等方面的规定。从整体上看,它是交战国权利与中立国权利相互妥协的产物,基本捋清了交战国和中立国的权利与义务问题,使国际法规则从无序迈向有序,形成了统一的国际法规则体系。然而,由于英国拒绝批准,《伦敦宣言》未得到各国普遍接受,这成为一战初期美英《伦敦宣言》之争的根源。

The principle achievement of the International Navy Conference is the London Declaration. Britain proposed to call the conference with the object of arriving at an agreement as to what are the generally recognized principles of international law. There are seventy one articles in the declaration which includes rules of blockade,contraband,and destruction of neutral vessels and transfer of merchant- vessels. In general,the declaration is the outcome of compromise between belligerent rights and neutral rights. It makes clear the rights and duties between belligerent state and neutral state,marks transform of international law from disorder to order,and forms a uniform system of international law. However,because Britain declined to approve,the London Declaration wasn't recognized by other states. This became the source of the controversy concerning The London Declaration between Britain and the United States during the First World War.