空气污染对育龄女性的生殖健康影响

Effects of air pollution on reproductive health in women of childbearing age

空气污染对人体的不良健康影响已受到国内外学者的广泛关注,以往研究多集中在呼吸、循环系统疾病发病以及全人群的死亡风险。近几年越来越多的研究开始关注大气污染物对女性生殖健康的影响,但其对生殖健康的不良影响尚无明确结论。基于污染物对人体生殖系统的毒性作用,本文综述了近年来常见的空气污染物(颗粒物、CO、SO2、NO2等)对育龄女性生殖结局的影响及可能生物机制的相关流行病学研究,发现:空气污染物暴露与育龄女性生殖健康之间存在关联,但具体污染物种类和作用时期仍存在争议。有关女性生殖健康结局包括了生育能力、孕期疾病和不良出生结局三大类。各项研究通过建立不同的空气污染物暴露评估模型,对育龄女性在生育时期由于空气污染所致的各种不良健康结局进行分析总结,充分阐述了空气污染这一严峻的公共卫生问题对育龄女性人群影响的不可忽视性。提示育龄期女性在备孕期需要关注空气污染对自身及子代的影响。

The adverse health effects of air pollution on human body have been widely concerned by researchers. Previous studies have focused on the adverse effects of air pollution on the incidence of respiratory and circulatory diseases and mortality risk in the entire population. In recent years, a growing number of studies have been exploring the impact of atmospheric pollutants on the female reproductive system, but no clear conclusion has been drawn yet. Based on the toxic effects of air pollutants on human reproductive system, this paper reviewed recent epidemiological studies concerning some common atmospheric pollutants(particulate matter, CO, SO2, NO2, etc.) and the reproductive health in women of childbearing age in order to clarify the health effects and potential biological mechanisms. It was found that there was a correlation between the exposure to air pollutants and the reproductive health in women of reproductive age, but the specific types of air pollutants and the action periods were still controversial. Various studies established different exposure assessment models to analyze the adverse health outcomes, including fertility, pregnancy disorders, and adverse birth outcomes, due to the air pollution exposure throughout their pregnancy, elaborating the effects of air pollution on women of childbearing age, a serious public health problem to be reckoned with. It is recommended that women of childbearing age should pay attention to the effects of air pollution on themselves and their next generations when preparing for pregnancy.