人格特征和社会支持与空勤人员职业倦怠的关系

Relationship of personality and social support with job burnout among aircrew

[目的]空勤人员(包括乘务员和安全员)面临着工作负荷大、轮班、时差等多种压力源,是职业倦怠的高发人群。本研究拟探讨空勤人员人格、社会支持与职业倦怠之间的关系。[方法]选取北京某航空公司乘务员、安全员、乘务员兼安全员共615人作为研究对象,男135例(21.9%),女480例(78.1%),年龄在21～51(29.0±4.6)岁。采用中国大五人格量表、社会支持评定量表和中国职业倦怠量表进行调查。采用Pearson相关分析对各计量资料间的相关性进行分析;采用结构方程模型模拟社会支持在人格与职业倦怠之间的中介作用,并分析各变量间的关系。[结果]在615名有效研究对象中,有职业倦怠的空勤人员为376名,占61.1%。其中,轻度倦怠者174名,检出率28.3%;中度倦怠者186名,检出率30.2%;高度倦怠者16名,检出率2.6%。Pearson相关分析表明,职业倦怠量表得分与人格问卷神经质维度得分呈正相关,与社会支持总分、主观支持维度和支持利用度维度呈负相关。人格问卷的五个维度得分与社会支持总分及各维度得分均呈相关。结构方程模型的初始模型的模型适配度较差,经修正后,模型拟合得到改善,规范拟合指数(NFI)、比较拟合指数(CFI)、递增拟合指数(IFI)、拟合优度指数(GFI)均达到可接受水平。社会支持对职业倦怠的直接效应为-0.22(P<0.001);外向性对社会支持的直接效应为0.31(P<0.001),而外向性对职业倦怠无直接效应,故社会支持在外向性对职业倦怠的影响中起完全中介作用。神经质对社会支持和职业倦怠的直接效应分别为-0.22(P<0.001)和0.40(P<0.001),即社会支持在神经质对职业倦怠的影响中起部分中介作用。[结论]空勤乘务、安全人员中职业倦怠检出率较高。高神经质的空勤人员更易发生职业倦怠。社会支持在人格与职业倦怠的关系中起到中介作用。

[Objective]Aircrew(flight attendants and security officers)are exposed to high workload,shift,and jet lag,thus are vulnerable to job burnout.This study explores the relationship among personality,social support,and job burnout of aircrew.[Methods]A total of 615(135 males,21.9%;480 females,78.1%)flight attendants,security officers,and concurrent flight attendants&security officers of an airline company in Beijing,at the age of 21-51(29.0±4.6)years,were recruited.Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory,Social Support Rating Scale,and Chinese Job Burnout Scale were used in the survey.Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between measurement data.A structural equation model was used to evaluate the mediating role of social support in the relationship between personality and job burnout and to analyze the relationship between study variables.[Results]There were 376(61.1%)out of 615 aircrew having job burnout.Among them,174 were at mild level,with a detection rate of 28.3%;186 were at moderate level,with a detection rate of 30.2%;16 were at high level,with a detection rate of 2.6%.The Pearson correlation analysis results showed a positive correlation between job burnout score and neurotic score,and negative correlations of job burnout score with social support total score,subjective support score,and support utilization score.Significant correlations were also found between the scores of all the five dimensions of personality and the total score&dimensional scores of social support.The model fit indices of the initial structural equation model were poor.After modification,the model showed better fit indices as the normed fit index(NFI),comparative fit index(CFI),incremental fit index(IFI),and goodness-of-fit index(GFI)were all acceptable.Social support yielded a direct effect on job burnout(-0.22)(P<0.001),and extraversion yielded a direct effect on social support(0.31)(P<0.001)but not on job burnout;therefore,social support played a complete mediating role in the relationship between extraversion and job burnout.Neuroticism yielded direct effects on both social support(-0.22)(P<0.001)and job burnout(0.40)(P<0.001);therefore,social support played a partial mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and job burnout.[Conclusion]A high prevalence of job burnout is found among the studied flight attendants and security officers.Aircrew with higher neuroticism levels are more vulnerable to job burnout.Social support plays a mediating role in the relationship between personality and job burnout.