中东亚内陆河流域土地利用变化及环境效应对比研究——以疏勒河和扎因代河流域为例

A comparative study on land use change and its effects on eco-environment in inland river basins of the Centre-east Asian arid region: using cases in Shule River Basin and Zayandehrud River Basin

选取中国河西走廊地区的疏勒河流域和伊朗中部的扎因代河流域,应用遥感和地理信息系统技术,对比研究两流域近25 a土地利用变化及生态环境效应.结果表明,过去25 a两流域耕地面积均呈持续增长态势,且疏勒河流域耕地增幅比(0.29%)是扎因代河流域(0.18%)的1.6倍.疏勒河流域增加的耕地面积主要来源于草地,扎因代河流域主要来源于林地.疏勒河流域草地面积呈先减少后增加的态势,主要由未利用地向草地转变所致;扎因代河流域呈先增加后减少的态势,主要来源于林地的退化,且波动幅度大于疏勒河流域.疏勒河流域林地面积呈增加态势,主要因未利用地和草地的人工植树造林所致.扎因代河流域林地呈持续减少态势.疏勒河流域的生态环境质量指数整体呈增加趋势,以生态环境质量不断改善为主导;扎因代河流域生态环境质量指数呈显著减少趋势,以生态环境质量持续恶化为主导.疏勒河流域未利用地转化成林草地是生态环境改善的主要原因,扎因代河林地退化是生态环境恶化的主要原因,疏勒河流域的生态环境保护政策可以对扎因代河流域以及'一带一路'沿线的干旱区提供有益的借鉴.

Based on the remote sensing and geographic information system techniques,land use change and its eco-environmental effects over the past 25 years in the Shule River Basin(SRB)of China and Zay-andehrud River Basin(ZRB)of Iran were compared,and the results showed that the cropland presented a growing tendency over the past 25 years in both SRB and ZRB,and the increment of cropland in SRB(0.29%)was twice of that of ZRB(0.18%),with the former mainly deriving from grassland and the latter from forest.The area of grassland in SRB decreased at first and then increased,which was mainly caused by the conversion of unutilized land to grassland;the area of grassland in ZRB,which changed more greatly than SRB,increased first and then decreased,which was mainly caused by the degradation of forest.The area of forest in SRB showed a growing tendency,mainly due to afforestation in unutilized land and grassland,while in ZRB,the area of forest continuously decreased.On the whole,the eco-environment quality index showed an increasing trend in SRB,revealing that the ecological environment quality was improving.In ZRB,the eco-environmental quality index showed a decreasing trend,meaning the eco-environment was degrading.Unutilized land converted into forest and grass was the main reason for the improvement of the eco-environment in SRB and degradation of forest was the main reason for the deterioration of ecological environment in ZRB.The ecological and environmental policy of SRB could provide scientific guidance on ecological environment protection for the arid areas along the'Belt and Road'regions.