上海市居民饮食与胃癌关系的病例对照研究

A Case-Control Study of the Relationship between Diet and Stomach Cancer in Shanghai Resident

[目的]探讨上海市居民饮食与胃癌发生的关系。[方法]采用全人群病例对照研究,调查1999年4月～10月间诊断的上海市区新发胃癌病例311例(男性198例,女性113例),对照1579例(为“九五”课题中乳腺癌、肺癌及胃癌病例-对照研究之一,对照共用)。采用非条件logistic回归分析,调整可能的混杂因素,包括年龄、文化程度、吸烟(仅男性)、慢性胃炎及一级亲属胃癌家族史等,分析饮食口味、热烫饮食、新鲜蔬菜和水果、豆及豆制品、蛋及蛋制品、家禽类、腌制食品、油炸食品、植物油等饮食因素,以估计胃癌发生的比数比和95%可信区间。[结果]研究发现新鲜蔬菜(最高摄入量OR=0.6)、水果(OR=0.6)、新鲜豆类(OR=0.4)、豆制品(OR=0.4)和植物油(OR=0.6)是男性胃癌的保护因素,而油炸面食(OR=1.6)增加男性胃癌的危险性;新鲜蔬菜(OR=0.3)、水果(OR=0.4)、新鲜豆类(OR=0.4)、干豆类(OR=0.5)和蛋及蛋制品(OR=0.5)对女性胃癌具有保护作用,而腌制食品(OR=2.2)和油炸食品(包括油炸鱼/肉、油炸面食、油煎蛋和油煎花生米,OR=2.6)是女性胃癌主要的危险因素。重盐饮食和热烫饮食及早餐不规律增加胃癌发生的危险。未发现主食、新鲜肉类(包括鱼、家禽类、红肉类)等与胃癌发生有联系。[结论]高盐饮食、热烫饮食。

To examine the relationship between diet and risk of stomach cancer in Shanghai reesident.In urban Shanghai,several kinds of food consumption were compared between311stomach cancers and1579population-based controls(three cancer research used together).Information on demographic variables,smoking,and diet habit was investigated from all subjects.Smoking(only among male),chronic gastritis and family history of gastric cancer,amount of salt consumption,the consumption of preserved,salted and fried foods,hot tem-perature,and irregular meals were associated with an increased risk for stomach cancer.In contrast,the consumption of the fresh vegetables and fruits,beans(especially soybeans)and bean products(only to men),plant oil(only to men),dry beans(only to women)and eggs and egg products(only to women),was protective factors of stomach can-cer.After adjustment of the potential confounding variables,these associations remained to be significant.Garlic,shal-lot,fresh meats,were not risk factors for gastric cancer.[Conclusion]Our findings provide further evidence that high salted foods(especially the salted vegetables),oil-fried foods(including the fried cereal,eggs,and peanuts)increase the risk of stomach carcinoma.Fresh vegetables and fruits,soybean and soybean products(even after adjusted by fresh vegetables and fruits),plant oil,and eggs may have protective effect for gastric cancer.