自由解放、红色革命、情感回归与离婚——基于1898-2009年的考察

Liberation,Red Revolution,Emotional Return and Chinese Divorce:1898-2009

1898-2009年离婚变化历程可以十分直观地折射出中国政治、经济与社会发展的曲折历程。我国从戊戌变法到新中国成立前夕,经历了多次政治运动,诞生了若干部与婚姻相关的法律,离婚由城市最初的星星点点转向农村后来的燎原之势,离婚空间场域变换导致离婚数量增长。从解放初期到"反右"初期,再到"文革"末期,知青返城、新《婚姻法》的修订,《婚姻登记条例》的实施,我国迎来一次次离婚潮。1980年代改革开放并没有停住离婚者的脚步,反而使离婚率呈一路上扬的态势。本研究截取1898-2009年间若干时间截面,选择典型的群体,解析各时期较为典型的离婚事件,阐释国家制度变迁对婚姻离散的影响,进一步阐释婚姻制度对中国社会治理与社会发展的意义。

The changes of divorce in 1898-2009 reflects the tortuous course of political,economic and social development in China.The many political movements from 1898 Reform to the eve of the founding of new China brought about several marriage laws.Divorce rate increased dramatically from the few cases in the urban spreading into the rural later in general.And very interesting findings is that the political movements related divorce formed many increasingly bigger divorce booms since 1949,such as Anti-rightists,Cultural Revolution,the urban educated youth moving to the rural and back to the cities,the new marriage law revision,the Regulations of registration of marriage implementation.The reform and opening up in 1980 did not stop the footsteps of the divorce,and the divorce rate has been all the way up ever since.This paper selects the typical periods to analyze the divorce changes by reviewing typical groups and social events to interpret the national institutional influence on the divorce rate,and further explains the marriage system of social governance and social development in China in 1898-2009.