广西左江流域新石器时代贝丘遗址动物考古学研究

Research on the Animal Archaeology of Beiqiu Site in Neolithic Age in Zuojiang Valley, Guangxi

本文研究了广西龙州左江沿岸五处新石器时代贝丘遗址(宝剑山A洞、无名山、大湾、根村、坡叫环)的脊椎动物遗存。这些贝丘遗址的时代为距今8000年-4000年。研究材料包括10301件脊椎动物骨骼标本,代表了至少40个脊椎动物物种和355个动物个体。动物群反映当时的环境为热带季节性雨林,原始森林保存较好。渔猎是先民获取动物资源的主要手段,猎取对象广泛,但鹿类占有重要地位。洞穴遗址和台地遗址的动物组成差别明显,可能为遗址间的社会分工所致。本研究是左江流域的第一个动物考古学研究案例,为理解西江水系新石器时代贝丘遗址的环境背景和古人类生存策略提供了新的参照。

Here vertebrate assemblages of five Neolithic Shell Midden sites along Zuojiang River are reported.There are two cave sites:Baojianshan cave A,Wumingshan cave shelter and three open-air sites:Dawan,Gencun,Pojiao-huan,with ages of 8000-4000 a B.P..Totally 10301 bones are checked,representing at least 40 species and 355 an-imal individuals.The faunal composition indicates tropic climate,with well preserved seasonal rainforest in landscape.Since domestic animals are absent,fishing and hunting could be the dominant access to animal resource.The hunting was in broad spectrum,however,deer and muntjac provided most of the meat.The intersite difference exists on the proportion of animal remains between cave sites and open-air sites,implying their diverse functions.This study pro-vides the first zooarchaeological data on the environmental background and survival strategy of Neolithic human in Zuojiang River basin.