北朝马面帘形制初步研究

Preliminary Research on the Shape and Structure of Curtain with Horse Mask in the Northern Dynasties

马面帘的造型源于'甲骑具装'的战甲形制,为'甲骑具装'的一部分,是用于马面防护的铠甲。甲骑具装在魏晋南北朝时期发展迅速,初期有战争防护功用,随着历史发展产生了仪卫功用。综合北朝时期的壁画和陶俑上比较有代表性的马面帘的形式分了三种造型样式:三圆花瓣直面型、凸瓣圆面型、插缨穗型。材质由初期的皮质、铁质到后来的纺织品质地。作为卤薄仪仗的'甲骑具装'也出现了纺织品形式,此类纺织品形式的马面帘,多为'凸'字形结构,护鼻部位有M形结构,饰有织锦缘边。有些有立体结构,有些有丰富的褶皱装饰,有些则用银或金的长方形甲片进行贴片装饰,显得富丽堂皇,用于隆重的礼仪场合。

The style of horse mask come from a suit of armour for Cavalryman and troop horse.Armour for Caval-ryman and troop horse developed rapidly in Wei,Jin,Northern and Southern Dynasties the north dynasty which Used initially for war protection and later for ceremonial purposes.Materials range from the original leather and iron to textiles.There are four typical forms in the northern dynasty.The suit of armour also be made by textiles for ceremonial purposes.This kind of horse mask mostly has convex structure and the nose has a M structure.The mask has covered the border with brocade.Some masks have three-dimensional structures above the eyes and nos-trils.Some masks have drape adornment at the edge.Some masks have decorated some rectangular piece of metal of gold or silver.The entire horse mask appears magnificent,used for grand ceremonial occasions.