南印度洋海浪场时空特征分析

Annual Variation Analysis of Sea Wave Field in the South Indian Ocean

根据 1950 —1995 年共 46 a 的南印度洋船舶气象报资料，按 5°× 5°网格统计的海浪要素进行分析研究。通过分析每月各要素的等值线分布图，得出南印度洋海浪场季节变化特点不如北半球各大洋显著，但仍有较明显的季节变化，只是季节性差异较小，冬季比夏季海浪强盛，相应的平均波高、大浪大涌频率也较大；盛行风浪传播方向、涌浪传播方向基本一致，10°S 以北为季风气候区，而其它海域则信风区常年盛行 SE 向浪，40°S 以南盛行偏 W 向浪。本文提供了南印度洋海域较为翔实的海浪场资料及变化规律。

Based on the meteorological data for shipping with 1°×1°and 5°×5°latitude and longitude as statistical girds in the South Indian Ocean during 1950 —1995, and the analyzed isoline feature figures of sea wave element every month, the season change of sea wave is not so significant as that in the northern hemisphere. However it still exists, and is obvious. The sea wave in winter is stronger than that in summer, and the corresponding average wave height is higher, and the frequencies of high sea and average heavy swell are also higher. The directions of wind wave and swell are roughly consistent. The monsoon prevails in the north zone beyond 10°S, but the southeast wave prevails in the trade wind zone, and the wave to the west prevails in the south zone beyond 40°S the whole year. This paper provides detailed data on the sea wave field and its change pattern in the South Indian Ocean.