考虑供应断裂风险和竞争的供应商共享决策研究

The Study of Suppliers Sharing Strategy Based on Supply Disruption Risk and Competition

针对一个可靠供应商和一个不可靠供应商、两个竞争性的制造商以及终端顾客市场组成的三级供应链,在考虑供应商的供应断裂风险和制造商之间存在数量竞争的情形下,本文研究了供应商共享决策以及断裂风险对共享决策的影响。研究结果表明,在三种供应商共享的供应链网络中,制造商选择只共享一个供应商比同时共享两个供应商更优。同时,当两个供应商的可靠性优势小于成本优势时,只共享可靠供应商是制造商的优势策略。进一步研究发现,供应商的成本差距和可靠性差距都存在一个临界值,当成本差距小于临界值或可靠性差距大于临界值时,只共享不可靠供应商为制造商的优势策略;反之,只共享可靠供应商的策略更优。并且,当可靠供应商完全可靠时,只共享可靠供应商为制造商的优势策略。

For a three-echelon supply chain composed of a reliable supplier and an unreliable supplier,two competing manufacturers and an end-customer market,considering the suppliers’ risk of supply disruption and the quantity competition among manufacturers,this paper analyses suppliers sharing strategy and the effect of disruption risk on supplier sharing strategy. The results show that,among the three suppliers shared supply chain network,it is better for manufacturers to share only one supplier than to share the two suppliers at the same time. And when he reliability advantage of the two suppliers is less than the cost advantage,sharing only the reliable supplier is the manufacturer’ s advantage strategy. Further research shows that there is a critical value for the supplier’ s cost gap and reliability gap. When the cost gap is less than the critical value or the reliability gap is greater than the critical value,sharing only the unreliable supplier is the dominant strategy. Otherwise,it is better to share only reliable suppliers. Furthermore,when the reliable supplier are fully reliable,it is the manufacturer’ s dominant strategy to share only the reliable supplier.