广义论证视域下的中国逻辑史开放研究——以《战国策》为例

Open Research on the History of Chinese Logic from the Perspective of General Argumentation——Taking “Zhanguoce” as an Example

本文以广义论证作为视角,以《战国策》典籍作为文本,对《战国策》一书中体现出来的论证逻辑思想进行分析,并对如何评估《战国策》所体现出来的论证提出粗浅的看法:《战国策》一书所体现出来的广义论证思想是中国古代逻辑理论和思想的典范;《战国策》具有自身独特的论证方法和架构;对《战国策》体现出来的论证评估不能简单使用西方的非形式逻辑的评估方法,应该立足中国传统文化,提出新的评估方式或方法。

There are three turning points in the study of traditional Chinese logics:the first one is Yan Fu’s work of spreading logic to the East;the second one is the introduction of the methodology of cultural interpretation;the third one is triggerd by the general argumen-tation. Based on such academic badcground, this paper analyzes logic augumantations embodied in Zhanguoce from a point of view of general argumentation. As Jing Kemu points out, there are many Chinese classics that contain argumentations. Compared with the methodology of argumentation in other cultures, Chinese methodology attachs more signifance to the following points: dialogues, fables, and, ironies. Zhanguoce is the canonical case of these traditional Chinese argumentations, and is extremely featured. Zhanguoce has its own special method of argumentation and a characteristic architec-ture, which made good use of the method of“Changduan”,“Yuyan”(fables),“Tuilei”, and“Guiguzhishu”. Zhanguoce cannot be assessed merely according to the criteria in western informal logic. No matter which kind of criteria in informal logic is exploited, e.g., the Toulmin Diagram, Beardsley’s theory of analogy, difficulties and discordance will appear when they are utilized in assessment of the argumentations in Zhanguoce. New methods and criteria of assessment based on traditional Chinese culture should be put forward.