“部分–整体”转喻中语义冲突的形式化描写

A Formalized Description of Metonymic Type Mismatch

作为人类一般的认知方式,转喻正越来越引起学者们的关注。但转喻的基本问题——语义冲突问题,却一直没有得到妥善的解决。在分析了传统解决方案种种缺欠后,我们认为,在一个表达式中,只要谓词不变,论元的指称对象、性质也不会变。所以会造成语义上的变化,是显著性的原因。一个表达式要凸显哪些类、不凸显哪些类,不取决于表达式自身而是它的搭配对象,不同的搭配对象凸显了表达式的不同方面。为了细致地描述汉语转喻中的这一变化,我们采用了代数上常用的包含运算的方法;为了增强这一方法的科学性和可操作性,又对该方法做了一些修订和完善。

As a general cognitive style, metonymy is attracting more and more scholars' attention. But the type mismatch which is the basic problem in metonymy has not been properly resolved. After the analysis of the traditional solutions(argument coercion,predicate transfer), we point out that, in an expression, as long as the predicate does not change, the referent object of noun argument will not change. As for the reason that caused the type mismatch, it is due to the change of semantic type salience. Take an argument as an example, which part should be highlighted and which part should not that depend on the predicate other than the argument itself. In general, different predicate will highlight different part of the argument. In order to describe the subtle changes of semantic type, we adopt subsumption operation which is commonly used in algebra. At the same time, this method is further revised and improved.