学前儿童科学教育目标模型的构建

Construction of a Theoretical Mode of Scientific Education Objectives for Pre-school Children

教育目标指导和支配整个教育过程。学前儿童科学教育目标的确立至少要考虑3个方面———儿童发展、社会需要、学科性质。即社会需要是学前儿童科学教育目标确立的客观依据;儿童的现实发展状况是学前儿童科学目标确立的发展心理学依据;学前儿童科学教育的学科特点和性质是制定学前儿童科学教育目标的重要依据。布卢姆等人的《教育目标分类学》以人的身心发展的整体结构为框架,为建构科学教育目标体系提供了一个比较规范化、清晰化的形式标准。以布卢姆教育目标分类标准为依据,以情感态度、认知能力、动作技巧这3个范畴确立学前儿童科学教育目标可以弥补以往课程目标单一的价值取向,从而构建出新的学前儿童科学教育目标的理论模型。

Education objectives guide and dominate the whole education process.The establishment of the objectives for scientific education of preschool children is to consider three aspects at least-children development,social needs and subject nature,that is,that social needs are an objective base for the establishment of scientific education of preschool children;that the practical development condition for children is a base for developmental psychology of the establishment of sicentific objectives for preschool children;that the subject characteristics and nature of scientific education of preschool children are an important base for the constitution of scientific education for preschool children.'The Science of Classification for Educational Objectives' by Bloom et al, framed by the whole structure of human physical and mental development, provides a relatively standardized and clarified form criterion for the establishment of the objectives for scientific education of preschool cfhildren,based on the classification criteria of education objectives by Bloom and according to the three categories of emotional attitudes,cognitive abilities and action techniques,may compensate the value orientation of the previous single objective in curriculum in order to construct a new theoretical mode of the objectives of scientific education of preschool children.