竹材纹孔结构及表征方法研究进展

A review of structure and characterization methods of bamboo pits

竹子是世界上生长最快的植物之一,竹秆节间组织由轴向系统的细胞组成,细胞壁上的纹孔结构是节间组织至关重要的物理通道。竹材纹孔既是竹子生长发育时期的物质运输路径,也是竹材加工利用过程中的关键影响因子,因而对竹材纹孔进行深入系统的研究具有非常重要的意义。目前对于竹材纹孔的结构和功能等相关研究很少,相比木材纹孔的研究状况而言,竹材纹孔研究显得较薄弱。笔者在综述竹材纹孔生物形成、基本结构和化学组成以及类型等主要特征的基础上,总结了竹材自身特性以及物理、化学和生物类处理手段对纹孔结构的影响,并对纹孔研究方法和创新方向进行了归纳,分析了竹材纹孔研究中存在的问题和未来的发展前景,以期为解析竹子生理生态功能和实现竹类资源高效利用提供参考。

As one of the fastest growing plants in the world,bamboos can provide environmental,social,and economic benefits. Bamboo is a multi-purpose plant,which can substitute for timber in many respects owing to its lignified culms. Because of its fast growth,intricate rhizome system,and sustainability,bamboo has become a plant with environmental conservation value,being able to mitigate phenomena that resulted from global climate change.Bamboo consists of vertical cells in internodes,while the pit acts as the crucial channel through cell walls. The pit structure is not only responsible for the material transportation path during the growth and development of bamboo,but also a key factor influencing the processing and utilization of bamboo. Thus,it is of great importance to perform thorough and profound studies to clarify its structure and function relationship. Despite the significant role of the bamboo pit in influencing the mechanical properties of bamboo,there are limited studies regarding to pit hitherto. Thus,it still needs a extensive investigation to compare with the wood pit that has much more comprehensive research status quo.In this study,we reviewed major structure characteristics of the bamboo pit,such as,the types and formats of pits,the basic structures,chemical composition,etc. Then,we summarized the factors influencing bamboo pit including both bamboo inherent feature that different from that of wood,and processing technology in ways of physical,chemical and biological treatments. The results would probably provide a new and great view from microstructure perspective for improving bamboo seasoning and modification. Furthermore,the bamboo pit research methods and innovation direction were carried on the induction,and the relative problems and the development prospect of the future were discussed as well. It is hoped that this paper would serve as an incentive to others to analyze the physiological and ecological functions of bamboo and realize efficient utilization of bamboo resources.