摘要
就篇名而言,'指'是概念,'物'是概念所指的对象。'指物论'者,乃概念与对象关系之论。公孙龙指出,概念乃人类之主观认知,仅仅包摄了对象的部分属性,而非对象的全部属性。也就是说,概念内涵小于对象属性。《庄子·天下》所载辩者命题'指不至,至不绝',正是《指物论》这一主旨的凝练概括。为了阐明此一主张,辩者用'‘卵’有毛''‘马’有卵''‘丁子’有尾''龟长于蛇'等命题作了具体剖析。名家指出,以概念为基础的墨家逻辑并非严谨的知识体系。
In terms of the title of the book,'Reference'indicates conceptualization and'Substance'signifies object.The argument about Reference and Substance denotes the relationship between concepts and objects.Gongsun Long proposed that concepts were a subjective cognition and included partial,not whole,attributes of the objects.That is to say,the connotation of concepts is diminutive of the attributes of objects.The theme'the interaction with an object does not necessarily mean a comprehension of it',illustrated in Zhuang Zi·Tianxia,was the synopsis of The Argument about Reference and Substance.To make the point,the author analyzed statements such as'eggs have hair','horses have eggs','frogs have tails'and'turtles are longer than snakes'.The School of Logicians(名家)argued that the basic logic of Mohism based on concepts was not a rigorous knowledge system.
出处
《南开学报(哲学社会科学版)》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期176-184,共9页
Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition
关键词
《指物论》
概念论
公孙龙子
名家逻辑
The Argument about Reference and Substance
Conceptual Debate
Gongsun Long
School of Logicians