欧美学生汉字学习方法的实验研究——回忆默写法与重复抄写法的比较

An experimental study on the methods of Chinese character learning by European and American learners

本文通过实验研究初学汉语的欧美学生两种汉字学习方法对学习效果的影响.实验发现,被试学习汉语字词时,用回忆默写法取得的成绩要比重复抄写法更好.在汉语字词形、音、义习得的三个方面,两种方法的影响不一样,对于字形成绩,回忆默写法更有效;对于字音和字义成绩,两者没有显著差异.本文结合记忆的加工水平理论和元记忆策略来讨论这些结果,认为汉字加工水平越深,学习效果越好,采用元记忆策略也会提高学习效果.

The present study explores the effects of learning methods adopted by European and American learners on their acquisition of new Chinese characters. The results show that the learners' performance is better when they use recall method than that when they use repetition method. But in the three aspects of character learning, namely, form, pronunciation and meaning, the two methods have differential effects. Recall method is more effective in the learning of form, and the two methods do not demonstrate significant differences in learning the pronunciation and meaning. These findings are discussed within the theories of processing level of memory and meta-memory strategies. It is suggested that deeper level of processing Chinese characters and the employment of meta-memory strategies in learning are helpful to the acquisition of new characters.