班固史学观念的转变与《汉书》体例

The Transformation of Ban Gu’s Historical Thoughts and Formats of Book of Han

断代史形式的确立既意味着班固思想的转变,也标志着中国史学的转型。《汉书》创立全新的官方史学范式。一方面它开创了记载单一王朝兴亡的断代史形式。既突出王朝的正统性,又便于保存官方政治文献。另一方面《汉书》改造了《史记》的叙述模式,削弱叙事性和个人色彩,创造出切合官僚制度运作方式的历史书写形式。这样,纪传体史书最终成为来源于王朝政治记录又服务于王朝政治运作的史学形式。班固史学思想的转变以及《汉书》的体例体现出东汉初期政治局势以及政治文化观念的深刻影响。

Book of Han has transformed Sima Qian’ s historical concepts and patterns.On one hand, Ban Gu has created the form of dynastic history record which highlights the legitimacy of the dynasty while facilitating the conservation of official political documents.On the other hand, Book of Han has revised the format and narrative mode of The Historical Records, weakening its narrativity and personal touch, thus creating a form of history record which suits the operation of Western Han’ s bureaucratic system.In this way, history records presented in a series of biographies have finally become a historical form that originates from the court and serves for the operation of the court.Book of Han marks the establishment of the writing mode of official history books.