从《终结的感觉》看朱利安·巴恩斯创作中个体记忆与历史的同一性

The Coherence between the Individual Memory and History in Julian Barnes' Works by the Analys is of the Sense of an Ending

在小说《终结的感觉》(The Sense of an Ending)中,朱利安·巴恩斯在表现记忆和历史时采取了一种相互关照的视角,将个体记忆和历史纳入同一视野之内进行思考,对个体记忆和历史采取了一种类比的写法。在巴恩斯的笔下,个体记忆与历史呈现出一系列的共同特征——碎片化、主观性、多面性、真实框架下的虚构细节和原始真貌的不可重获。为了彰显个体记忆和历史之间的这种同一性,巴恩斯在叙述中采取了一种双重结构,即表层叙述的记忆与深层叙述(或潜在叙述)的历史结合互见的手法,而在叙事方式上则采取了第一人称限制性叙事,同时采用多角度叙事模式,即一种多重式内聚焦。巴恩斯对这种叙事方式的选择蕴有哲学和社会学的深刻含义,契合并彰显着记忆和历史的本质特征——一方面个体记忆与历史相互渗透并相互构建,个体记忆的构建有赖于一定的社会框架;另一方面记忆和历史都是立足于当下而对过去的一种重构,共享当下性和重建性两种特征。

In The Sense of an Ending,there is coherence between the individual memory and history.When Julian Barnes demonstrates memory and history,he concentrates on one with reference to the other,instead of discussing them separately.In Barnes’works,memory and history exhibit similar tendencies and also share some features in common,such as fragmentation,subjectivity,inaccessibility of the original fact,and fictionalization under the true frame.To manifest the coherence and similarity between memory and history,Julian Barnes takes a dual narrative structure,one for memory and the other for history.Besides,the most common narrative mode used by Barnes is first-person limited perspective,as well as multiple inner focus narrative.The narrative pattern chosen by Barnes is consistent with the substantial characteristics of memory and history,and also in accord with some philosophical and sociological propositions;that is,individual memory and history inter-infiltrate and reciprocally contribute to each other’s formation.What’s more,the individual memory cannot be formed without the aid of social framework.And,both memory and history are reestablished with dependence on the present.