养老护理人员供需矛盾的形成机制和开发策略研究

Formation Mechanism of Supply-Demand Contradiction of Caregivers for the Aged and the Strategies of Caregiver Development

理清养老护理人员短缺矛盾的形成机制是构建养老护理人才开发体系的前提。老龄化加速导致需要照护的老人数量急剧增加;而因少子化、核心家庭的涌现和妇女劳动参与率高削弱了家庭的照护供给能力;社会化养老服务将面临着劳动力短缺日益严峻的宏观背景;养老机构因薪酬待遇低、工作强度大以及缺乏职业发展机遇等原因面临护理人员招工难和流失率高等挑战。建立养老护理人员开发体系需要开发潜在照护人力资源、健全激励机制、人才培养体系和治理机制。

To construct the development system of caregivers for the aged,it is necessary to clarify the formation mechanism of their supply-demand contradiction.The aged who need care are soaring in aging society.The family's ability of supplying care is weak because of the tendency of fewer children,the soaring of nuclear family and the high woman labor force participation rate.The social aged service industry is facing the problem that labor force shortage is increasingly serious.And the pension institutions are facing the challenges such as the difficulty of recruiting caregivers,the high staff turnover rate and the shortage of professionalnursing staff due to low salary,high work pressure and lack of career development opportunities.It is necessary to exploit the potential caregivers,and to improve the incentive mechanism and the personnel training.