老龄科学和心理学中的“积极”思潮

Positive Outlook in Aging Science and Psychology

受二战等历史因素影响,在20世纪的心理学和老年学研究中,研究者大多侧重于研究负面、消极的问题,且对人类的心理问题和人口老龄化问题大多持悲观的态度。21世纪以来,在心理学和老龄科学中掀起了"积极观"的浪潮,扭转了人们对人类心理和人口老龄化的悲观情绪。对比了积极心理学和积极老龄化中"积极"二字含义的异同,总结了积极老龄化和积极心理学的概念和意义,分析了积极老龄化与积极心理学间的联系——积极老龄化中的身心健康、社会参与、社会保障是提高老年人积极心理体验的重要因素,而老年人的积极心理水平是衡量积极老龄化践行成果的重要指标。

In the last century, psychology and gerontology focused on the negative issues. Meanwhile, researchers held a pessimistic view on human psychological problems and population aging which were affected by World War II and other historical factors. In this century, a wave of"positive"view had set off in aging science and psychology, which reversed the people's pessimism about human psychology and population aging. This paper compares the meaning of the“positive”in positive psychology and the“active”in active aging, and summed up the concept and signiifcance of active aging and positive psychology. By analyzing the connection between active aging and positive psychology, we hold the view that the health, participation and security in active aging are important factors in improving happiness level of older people, so the happiness level is an important indicator of the achievement of active aging.