江苏省老年人主观幸福感及其影响因素分析

The Analysis of Subjective Well-being of the Elderly and Its Infl uential Factors in Jiangsu Province

采用"纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表",对江苏省苏南、苏中、苏北地区789位60-69岁、70-79岁、80岁及以上年龄段老年人的主观幸福感及其影响因素作了调查和分析。江苏省老年人的整体幸福感水平较高;年龄、婚姻状况、居住类型、子女情况、收入等显著影响老年人的主观幸福感。婚姻状况和居住类型是影响老年人主观幸福感的重要因素;苏南地区老年人的幸福感水平显著低于苏中和苏北地区,表现出"幸福悖论"。提升老年人群的主观幸福感需要特别关注低龄、丧偶和独居老年人,增加低收入水平老年人的经济收入可提升这部分老人的主观幸福感。

In the current research, the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness was used to investigate the subjective well-being of the elderly in Jiangsu Province. 789 elders who live in the southern, central, and northern regions of Jiangsu Province were selected by random sampling. The results show that subjective happiness sense levels of the elderly are relatively high based on overall situation. The subjective well-being of the elderly is affected by age, marital status, residential type, number of children, and income. Regressive analysis fi nds that marital status and residential type are the two most important factors. Interestingly, the subjective well-being of the elderly in the southern Jiangsu region is significant lower than the central and northern Jiangsu regions. This finding is inconsistent with their economic power. The authors think that it is a happiness paradox. In the future, we should pay more attention on the young, widowed, and solitary elderly. Furthermore, relative income should be improved to overcome happiness paradox.