需要层次理论视域下敬老文化的发展困境及其纾解

Development Dilemma and Solution of the Culture of Revering the Elderly from the View of Hierarchy of Needs

敬老文化是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,然而随着我国进入现代市场经济时代,敬老文化的发展正面临以下困境:现代社会中老年人的地位由权威变为弱势;现代社会压力下子女的敬老意愿难以达成,传统敬老观念淡化;现代社会中敬老礼俗淡化,敬老制度不健全。尽管面临发展困境,但由于孝亲敬老能满足人们多层次的需要,其传承与发展仍具有内在原生动力。当下纾解敬老文化发展困境的主要路径有:增权赋能,鼓励老年人参与社会,满足其高层次需要;完善敬老激励机制和保障机制,满足子女、家庭敬老的多层次需求;推崇感恩教育,塑造认知老年人新视角,培育敬老文化的社会心理需求。

The culture of revering the elderly is important composition of the traditional culture of China. With the market economy society development, the culture of revering the elderly is facing development dilemma: the role of the elderly turns from the authorities into the disadvantaged and it is hard for young people to achieve their wishes of revering under the pressure of modern society, the etiquette and custom of revering are weakening, and the system of revering is not perfect. Although facing the development dilemma, the culture of revering the elderly could meet many needs of multi-level, so the lfourishing development of the culture of revering the elderly is possible. There are many solutions to development dilemma of the culture of revering the elderly. We should give empowerment to the elderly and encourage the elderly to participate in social in order to meet their higher-level needs. We should perfect incentive system and security system of revering the elderly in order to meet children’s needs of revering the elderly. We should strengthen thanksgiving education and should understand the elderly from new perspective in order to meet the requirement of revering the elderly.