山东省城市社区老年人主观幸福感及其影响因素研究

The Study of Elderly's Subjective Well-Being and Its Infl uential Factors among Urban Communities in Shandong Province

了解山东省城市社区老年人主观幸福感(Subjective Well-Being,SWB)总体水平,分析其影响因素,为提高老年人的主观幸福感和生活质量提供依据。采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取样本,以纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表为测量工具,并结合自行设计的调查问卷,对山东省6个城市18个社区的868名老年人进行问卷调查。老年人的SWB总分为31.53±9.46,高于全国常模(P<0.05)。SWB影响因素分析中,经t检验、单向方差分析得出,老年人的年龄、退休前职业、居住地区、经济状况、子女经济状况、居住情况、是否患有慢性病、慢性病严重程度、生活自理能力、养老模式选择意愿、养老服务满意度等11个变量与SWB之间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经多重线性回归分析和等级logistic回归分析得出,年龄、经济状况、居住情况、慢性病严重程度、生活自理能力、养老服务满意度等6个变量对SWB影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。山东省城市社区老年人SWB水平较高,影响城市老年人SWB的主要因素为年龄、经济状况、居住情况、慢性病严重程度、生活自理能力和养老服务满意度。

This study aims at understanding the overall level of the elderly's Subjective Well-Being (SWB) among urban communities in Shandong province, analyzing the influential factors of the elderly's SWB, and providing basis for promoting their SWB and life quality. Totally, 868 respondents have been investigated from 18 urban communities located in 6 cities from Shandong province by using multi-stage stratified random sampling methods. The respondents have been investigated by Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) and the self-designed questionnaire. Based on the 868 valid and completed questionnaires, the aggregate score of SWB was 31.53±9.46, which is a higher score compared with the national SWB norm mold (P < 0.05). Based on the exploratory factor analysis of SWB, the paper analyzes the inlfuencing factors byt test and one-way analysis of variance, and draws a conclusion that age, occupation of pre-retirement, residential area, income, living status, suffering chronic disease or not, chronic disease severity, self-care ability, the choice will of pension mode and endowment service satisfaction have statistical signiifcance on the elderly's SWB (P < 0.05). Analyzing them by Multiple Linear Regression and Ordinal Logistic Regression analysis, it have been found that the following variables, age, income, living status, chronic disease severity, self-care ability and endowment service satisfaction had statistical signiifcance on the elderly's SWB (P < 0.05). In urban communities of Shandong province, the elderly's SWB has been at a high level. The inlfuencing factors of the elderly's SWB are age, income, living status, chronic disease severity, self-care ability and endowment service satisfaction.