孟子论仁与义——先秦儒家伦理总德和最高价值的形成

On Ren and Yi by Mencius:Forming of Ethic Total Morality and Highest Value of Confucianism before Qin Dynasty

孟子继承和发展了孔子的仁、义德目,在社会生活不同领域创造性地阐发和运用仁义精神,把仁义连举连用,在仁义基础上发明'四端',建立儒家政治哲学范式'仁政',使之成为儒家伦理和中华传统美德体系的最高总德目。本文试图通过追溯先秦'仁''义'观念源流及其发展线索,分析孟子仁义观的丰富义理,以及孟子维护和高扬仁义精神的著名论辩'爱有差等''性命之辨''王霸之辨',以期更好地理解作为中华伦理总德和核心价值的仁义精神之形成理路和深刻内涵,为当代中国文化重建提供伦理资源和有益启示。

Mencius inherited and developed the Confucius’thoughts on Virtue Ren and Yi.He used the Ren and Yi together and invented Four Origins,then Constructed political philosophy Paradigm which named Policy of Benevolence.It means that Ren and Yi had become highest ethic total morality of Confucianism and Chinese virtue system.The paper traces back to the idea development of Ren and Yi and analyzes abundant arguments on Ren and Yi upholded by Mencius in order to understand the Forming process and profound connotation of spirit of Ren and Yi,which has palyed a role as Chinese ethic total morality and highest value of Confucianism,and to provide theoretical resources and beneficial enlightenment for reconstruction of contemporary Chinese culture.