海德格尔的《人道主义书信》被超越了吗?——在文化间和全球尺度上看通往人道主义的诸道路

Is Heidegger’s Letter on Humanism Outdated? Paths to Humanism on An Intercultural-global Scale

不同于很多研究把海德格尔的思想置入反人道主义传统的做法,我想通过对其'人道主义书信'的专门考察来解释海德格尔在历经那些经典的人道主义概念后,筹思了一个全新的、深刻的'人道主义'理解。这里论述的海德格尔思想道路中与之相关的精彩论点,虽然还有很多批评性的质疑和责问,但也以其特有的哲学风格而一如既往地吸引人。这种吸引力在于,他在理论和实践、认知和行动、逻辑学和伦理学、思想和经验之两分法的彼岸打开了一个思想空间,它在今天虽然越来越有现实意义,但也因为某种规范性的归纳和/或描述之风格而大多错失了由海德格尔打开的维度。同时也可以批判性地发问,我们是否可以凭借海德格尔的思想进路而赢得一种'世界间的对话',在这种对话中所涉及的,乃是人类之相遇以及'文化间人道主义'的未来。可以肯定的是,海德格尔已经触及了东亚思想的边缘,但是,把西方包括欧洲的思想和东亚思想等量齐观的'富有成效的争论',为此不仅要把握'基本词',也要懂得从'基础经验'出发,这对海德格尔来说还显得不太可能。

In direct contrary to many attempts which put Heidegger’s thinking back into the tradition of anti-humanism,I would like to emphasize,with special regard to his Letter on Humanism,that Heidegger has depicted a new and deeper understanding of'humanism'after going through those classical humanism concepts.In spite of some critical inquiries and objections,Heidegger’s thought-path still continues to impress in his philosophical diction so much,that he opens a space of thought beyond the dichotomies of theory and practice,cognition and action,logic and ethics,thinking and thinking experience.It gains increasingly relevance today,but due to a predominantly normatively inductive and/or descriptive style of thinking,the dimension opened by Heidegger misses at most of the time.Nevertheless,it remains critical to ask whether Heidegger’s approach can reach a'conversation between the worlds',in which the future of human encounter,and hence of an'interculturally anchored humanism'will be discussed.To be sure,Heidegger has come to the very limits of East Asian thought,but an eye-level'fruitful conflict'between Western European and(East)Asian thoughts,which includes not only the grasping of the'basic words',but also the advance of the'basic experiences',seems to him to be still impossible.