“彰善”“纠过”与儒家的“以礼化俗”——王阳明《南赣乡约》的美政美俗旨归与乡村治理设计

Village Rules and Political Aesthetics,Good Customs:Rural Governance in Confucian Courtesy Dimension

'乡约'是古代中国邻里乡人互相劝勉共同遵守,以相互协助救济为目的的一种规则约定。通过乡民受约、自约和互约而保障乡土社会成员的共同生活和共同进步。儒家的理想不仅要让人成其为人,而且还要让社会成其为社会。在古代中国,政权马不停蹄地换,甚至还会一时真空,但社会却还能够维持得很友好,人伦秩序一天都不乱,靠的就是教化的力量。王阳明《南赣乡约》发挥底层精英作用,对'同约之人'进行'彰善''纠过',构成《南赣乡约》两个基本功能和要求,目的在于使人做'良善之民',营造出'仁厚之俗'。从约长、约副、约正,到约史、知约、约赞的17人班底,负责召集、组织、主持每次约会活动,借助于系列仪式化而落实各个环节。

According to Confucius ideal,Confucian not only pursue to make people be virtue man,but also to let the community be its good society.In ancient China,regime changed successively,even sometimes throne was vacant,but relying on power of moralization,the society could still keep a good morality order without any mess.This must owe to Confucian good society ruling,special village ruling.As a great Confucian in Ming dynasty,Wang Yangming mobilized the power of society underlying elite,and made the local rules and regulations for a village-ship,in which man praises the goodness and punishes the evil.According to regulation of the version,so called the Village Conventions of Nan Gan,which located South Jiangxi Prov.China,and through many rites,they could enable people to be'good people',thus creating'benevolent customs'.