从“仁义”的视角审视“正义”

Examining Justice from the Perspective of Renyi

仁义'是儒家哲学的核心价值思想,'正义'来自西方。本论文主要由'仁义'的视角审视正义,进而反省中国台湾的'转型正义'。儒家先哲的仁义主要是对在位官员言说的,以仁民爱物、博施济众为志向。政策以利民为出发点。西方的正义理论是儒家仁义精神的具体落实,康德主张每个人都应当被尊重,不应当被视为工具,罗尔斯以无知之幕、差异原则确立正义的判定原则,亚里士多德以目的及美德作为正义的标准,边沁认为能给最大多数人幸福的就是正义。西方的正义理论原是仁义精神的具体落实,正义理论是为仁义服务的。西方有各种不同的正义理论,在讨论如何判定正义或非正义,好像没有绝对的正义,因此每一个正义的事件,从另外理论来看,可能是不义。正因为这样,正义可以变成政客的刀斧手。本文强调正义与仁义是一体的,如果正义离开仁义,正义就变成斗争的工具,故正义必须从仁义出发,才是真正的正义。在进行'转型正义'时,主要应该帮助过去的受害者平反,并做补偿。但对于加害者的处理则更当审慎,建议以更宽容的态度待之。'转型正义'的目标应朝向国家社会的和谐为目标。如果'转型正义'是翻过去旧账,借着打击不义清除政敌,让社会弥漫惶惶不安氛围,这样的'转型正义',仁者必不为。

Renyi(benevolence and righteousness)is the core value thought of Confucian philosophy.The word'justice'comes from the West.This thesis mainly examines justice from the perspective of Renyi.To reflect on Taiwan’s'transformation justice'.The benevolence and righteousness of Confucian is mainly to the officials.Policy to benefit the people as the starting point.This thesis thinks that the theory of justice from the West is the concrete implementation of Renyi.The theory of justice serves the Renyi.There are different theories of justice in the West.There seems to be no absolute justice.Every just event,from another theory,may be unjust.Because of this,justice can become a murder excuse for politicians.This paper emphasizes that justice cannot leave Renyi.If justice leaves benevolence,justice becomes a tool of struggle.Therefore,justice must proceed from Renyi(benevolence and justice),and it is true justice.In implementing transformational justice.The main thing should be to help the victims of the past to do justice and make compensation.For the injure,they treat them with tolerance.The goal of transformational justice is to make society more fair and harmonious.If transformational justice is to turn over the old account.Use the pretext of cracking down on injustice to remove political enemies.Such a transformational justice,the benevolent will not do it.