《庄子·天道》中的“仁义”与“兼爱”:伦理学的概念抑或帝王师的谋略?

“Ren Yi”and“Jian Ai”in the“Tiandao”Chapter of Zhuangzi:Ethical Terminology or Strategic Jargon?

《庄子》一书中的'兼爱'与'仁义'究竟是何意义?它是墨家和儒家的伦理学概念吗?本文的考察表明,《庄子·天道》中以'兼爱'释'仁义'之论,不适合以我们今日建构起来的儒家与墨家'伦理学'概念来理解,更适合将其放在中国古代政治谋略语境中来诠释。以此方式释解的优点在于,它既适合于《庄子》一书自身构成的文本语义,同时也可与其他古代文献的相关词语的语用学意义相贯通。

This paper examines the meaning of the terms'ren yi'and'jian ai'employed in the'Tiandao'chapter of Zhuangzi.These terms may not,this paper suggests,stand for the ethical notions of benevolence,righteousness,and inclusive care in Confucian or Mohist moral philosophy;instead,the way these terms are used in the Zhuangzi chapter resonates more closely with classical discourses of power-struggle strategy.As this paper illustrates,the strategic reading of the connotations of these terms can make sense of the'Tiandao'chapter,explain how the chapter coheres with other chapters of Zhuangzi,and contextualize the way these terms are used in a wide textual web.