乡镇、街道协商民主实践的案例与经验——以北京为例

On the Deliberative Practices and Experiences on the Township(Neighborhood) Level——based on the cases in Beijing

作为基层协商典型代表的乡镇与街道协商民主,是社会主义协商民主体系的重要组成部分。关注乡镇与街道协商民主实践情况,是协商民主研究谱系中不可或缺的内容。文章在北京市乡镇与街道协商民主实践的大背景下,聚焦于B街道的协商实践展开讨论。研究发现,B街道协商民主实践的效果是明显的。其实践的启示与经验主要有四个,即确立关键原则、组建责任机构、完善协商制度、夯实保障体系。当然,B街道的协商民主实践也遭遇了一些其他乡镇与街道协商民主实践所遭遇的、具有共性的问题。为进一步发展B街道协商民主,至少需要从五个方面努力,即进一步增强协商代表的代表性、加大力度探索克服协商民主功能性限度"附带问题"的有效方法、引导协商参与者有序协商、逐步实现协商工作本身以及协商工作与其他基层工作的一体化、上级党政机构应给予基层更多的协商自主性和协商制度保障。

The democratic deliberation at the township(neighborhood) level is an important part of the deliberative democracy with Chinese characteristics. Studying the democratic deliberation mentioned above is supposed to play an indispensable role in the whole researches about the deliberative democracy in China. This article discusses the deliberative practices in a neighborhood named B in Beijing. It finds that the practices work well and make progress obviously. There are four basic experiences, namely setting pivotal principles, establishing accountable organizations, improving deliberative institutions, consolidating relevant supports. Of course,there are simultaneously some noticeable problems which are also be found in other townships(neighborhoods).For the sake of obtaining further development, this article makes some recommendations in the last part, which involve selecting representative participants, overcoming the limitations of deliberative democracy, participating orderly, gradually realizing the integration of the deliberation itself as well as the deliberation and other grassroots affairs, requisite supports from the higher authority organizations.