基于水量平衡方程的深圳市生态系统水源涵养功能分析

水源涵养是生态系统提供的重要调节服务之一,对降水进行截留、渗透、蓄积,并通过蒸散发实现对水流、水循环的调控。以深圳市为研究区域,基于GIS对空间信息进行分析的能力和水量平衡方程,结合降雨量、蒸散量和生态系统面积等数据,探讨深圳市生态系统的水源涵养功能状况及其空间特征,并分析深圳市水源涵养功能重要性分级特征。结论表明,深圳市水源涵养服务能力在空间上总体呈现由西北部逐渐向东南部增强的分布趋势;由于东南部等地城市森林资源丰富,地形地貌变化较大,丘陵山体多,且开发建设活动较少,因此整体的水源涵养服务能力相对较强;深圳市水源涵养功能极重要区域面积为137.96 km2,高度重要区面积为225.77 km2,主要以连片斑块集中分布在深圳市东南部。

Water conservation,which intercepts,penetrates and accumulates precipitation,is one of the important regulating services provided by the ecosystem.It realizes the regulation of water flow and water cycle through evapotranspiration.This paper discussed the function of water conservation and spatial characteristics of the ecosystem in Shenzhen City which took as the research area based on GIS′s ability to analyze spatial information and equation of water balance with the data of rainfall,evapotranspiration and the area of ecosystem.It analysed the graded characteristics of importance of water conservation function in Shenzhen.The results show that:The spatial distribution trend of water conservation service capabilities in Shenzhen is gradually increasing from northwest to southeast.The southeastern cities are rich in forest resources with great changes in topography and geomorphology,more hilly mountains,and less development and construction activities;accordingly,the overall service capabilities of water conservation is relatively strong.The area of extremely important area of water conservation function in Shenzhen is 137.96 and the area of highly important area is 225.77 km2,the mainly distributed in the southeast of Shenzhen with contiguous plaque.