改革开放40年我国基础教育质量观的演进与反思——基于国家教育政策文本的分析

Evolution and Reflection on Chinese quality view of Elementary Education in the 40 Years after Reform and Opening-up

改革开放40年来,我国基础教育质量观因时演进,经历了一个动态发展的过程。教育质量观发展大致可以分为五个阶段,依次经历了"关注学业成绩的内适性质量观""关注社会人才的外适性质量观""关注学生素质发展的个适性质量观""关注教育服务的保障性质量观""关注全面质量的整体性质量观"五种质量观演变时期;基础教育质量观的演进主要表现在:质量内容上从仅关注教育结果逐渐到关注教育服务进而关注教育全过程,质量标准上从合规定性到合需要性再到合发展性,质量取向上由社会人才取向到关注个人取向,再到公民取向;基础教育的质量观应坚持结果质量与服务质量的辩证统一、底线标准与相对标准的辩证统一。

In the past 40 years since the reform and opening up,Chinese elementary education quality view has evolved in a dynamic process. Quality view can be roughly divided into five stages:internal quality view that pays attention to the academic performance,external quality view that pays attention to the social talents quality,suitable quality view focuses on students’ development,affordable quality view that pays attention to the education service,and integrity quality view that pay attention to comprehensive quality. Evolution of the elementary education quality view is mainly manifested in the quality content gradually paying attention to education service instead of education itself,and then to the whole process of education. The quality standard has evolved from prescriptive standard,to desirable standard,and then developmental standard. Quality orientation has developed from talent to focusing on individual,then to the citizen.The quality view of elementary education should adhere to the dialectical unity of result quality and service quality,bottom line standard and relative standard.