章程视域下美国一流大学的内部治理意涵及启示

The Internal Governance Implications and Enlightenment of American First-class Universities under the Vision of Articles of Association

美国大学章程是美国大学治理的载体,理解大学章程所蕴含的大学治理理念,能够从根本上理解美国一流大学发展的内涵式成因。美国大学的内部治理结构由董事会、校长与教授构成,其通过大学章程在治理过程中孕育出法治、自由、民主等人类所共同尊奉的价值诉求。其中,法治理念包含契约精神与秩序建构,自由理念包含教师自由与学生自由,民主理念包含广泛的主体与多样的方式。从美国大学章程的内部治理意涵中可以看出,我国"双一流"建设应从提升章程法治建设、拓展章程学术自由、加快章程民主进程等方面着手,提升我国大学内部治理水平。

The American university charter is the carrier of American university governance.Understanding the university governance concept contained in the university charter can fundamentally understand the connotative causes of the development of American top universities.The internal governance structure of American universities consists of the board of directors,principals,and professors.Through the university’s charter,the process of governance fosters the values of the rule of law,freedom,democracy,and so on.Among them,the concept of the rule of law includes the spirit of contract and the construction of order.The concept of freedom includes the freedom of teachers and the freedom of students.The concept of democracy contains a wide range of subjects and diverse ways.In the end,it can be seen from the internal governance implications of the American university charter that China’s'double first-class'construction should start from the aspects of improving the rule of law,expanding academic freedom of the charter and speeding up the process of charter democracy to improve the internal governance of universities in China.