研究生培养机制改革的政策话语:维度、特征及其价值——基于1987-2018年教育部“工作要点的文本分析

Dimensions,Features and Values in the Policy Discourse of Postgraduate Cultivation Mechanism Reform

1987—2018年教育部"工作要点"对研究生培养机制改革有明确的规定。这些规定呈现出"运行机制占剧主导地位"、"被动性、招生指标、导师队伍建设和外部保障是政策话语的集中关注点"、"课程设置和教学方式关注波动较大"、"主动性、准入质量、培养目标和内部保障的关注呈现下降的趋势"、"正向激励呈"蜻蜓点水"式分布,突然连续关注反向激励"的演变特征。政策价值也实现了从效率到公平、从秩序到自由、从德治到法治、从权力下放到权力优化的转变。因此,应在精神激励以及法律约束二者相结合的改革原则基础上,关注投入主体间的利益诉求、科学设计人才选拔的环节、差异性设置课程及运用教学方法、不定期考察导师的"德艺、改善师生间关系,从而促使研究生培养质量得以显著提升。

The Ministry of Education has issued clear regulations on the reform of the postgraduate training mechanism in the'work list'from 1987 to 2018.The characteristics of these regulations have changed from stages of'predominance of operating mechanism','concentrated concerns including passiveness,enrollment indicators,tutor team building and external protection of policy discourse','unstable focus on course setting and teaching methods','concern decline of initiative,access quality,training goals and internal security',and'spotted water distribution of positive incentives'to the stage of'sudden but constant attention on reverse incentives'.Policy values have also transformed from efficiency to equity,from order to freedom,from the rule of virtue to the rule of law,and from decentralization to power optimization.Therefore,on the basis of the reform principles of the combination of spiritual incentives and legal constraints,we should pay attention to the interests appeal among the input subjects,design the selection of talents scientifically,set courses and use teaching methods diversely,inspect tutors’virtue irregularly,and improve the relationship between teachers and students,thus promoting the quality of postgraduate training.