“法体汉唐”与明初政体的设计思路——以明代通政使司、翰林院为对象

The “legal style of Han and Tang Dynasties” and the design thought of the early Ming Dynasty’s political style——Tongzheng envoy and hanlin academy as the research objects

明初的政体设计比较清晰地体现了'法体汉唐'的基本思路。通过梳理明代翰林院与通政使司两个机构的下属部门的整合过程并分析其职能的调整,可以看出这两个机构是有意模仿唐代之中书、门下省而创立的。明初政治集团的这种政体设计思路显然是为了摆脱金、元两朝政体的影响,而回归到唐宋以来形成的以皇帝为核心的决策机构与行政机构相分离的政治模式之中。虽然明初几朝的政治风波在很大程度上影响了这种思路的走向,但是以皇帝为核心的内阁、六部相分离的政治框架的形成,已经把'法体汉唐'的制度精神嵌入其中。

The design of the regime in the early Ming Dynasty clearly embodies the basic idea of'the legal style of Han and Tang Dynasty'.By sorting out the integration process of the subordinate departments of the Hanlin Academy and the General Envoy Department in the Ming Dynasty and analyzing the adjustment of their functions,it can be seen that the two institutions were deliberately created in imitation of Zhongshu and Menxia provinces in the Tang Dynasty.In the early Ming Dynasty,it was obvious that the political group’s design idea was to get rid of the influence of the Jin and Yuan dynasties,and to return to the political model of the separation of the emperor-centered decision-making organs and the administrative organs formed in the evolution of the Tang and Song dynasties.Although the political disturbances in the early Ming Dynasty influenced the trend of this thinking to a great extent,the formation of the six separate political frameworks of the Cabinet with the emperor as its core has embedded the institutional spirit of the'legal system of Han and Tang Dynasty'.